For BMW models including the F22 (2 Series), F30 (3 Series), F32 (4 Series), G12 (7 Series), and G30 (5 Series) produced between 2016 and 2024, the oxygen (O2) or lambda sensors are critical for maintaining air-fuel ratios and monitoring catalytic converter efficiency. These sensors typically differ based on the specific engine (e.g., B46 vs. B58) and their position (upstream vs. downstream